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RUSSIAN CASES

Russian Cases: A Practical Guide to All Six

Russian has six grammatical cases. Each case changes the endings of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals to show their role in the sentence.

The Six Russian Cases at a Glance

Nominative кто? что? the subject of the sentence; the default dictionary form
Genitive кого́? чего́? possession ("of"), absence with не́т, quantities and numbers
Dative кому́? чему́? the recipient of an action; also мне ну́жно and мне нра́вится
Accusative кого́? что? the direct object; direction with в and на
Instrumental кем? чем? the instrument or means; company with с; professions and identities
Prepositional о ком? о чём? location (в/на) and the topic of speech (о)

Why Drills Beat Memorization

Knowing the rules is not the same as using them. In real conversation there is no time to scan a declension table — the correct ending has to come out automatically. Ruscases trains exactly that, with timed, sentence-based multiple-choice quizzes aligned with the TORFL (ТРКИ) levels.

FAQ

How many cases does Russian have?
Six: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and prepositional. Some grammars also mention remnants of a vocative and a second locative (в лесу́), but the six-case system is the standard taught and tested in TORFL.
What is the best way to learn Russian cases?
First understand each case's core meaning, then drill it inside real sentences until the ending comes out without thinking. Reading tables alone does not build speed; repeated timed practice does.
Which Russian case should I learn first?
After the nominative, most courses introduce the prepositional (saying where things are) and the accusative (direct objects and direction), because they cover the most everyday sentences.

Explore the Cases

Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Instrumental Prepositional
← Practice app Full declension tables 日本語版
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